Agra’s Taj Mahal, described as the most extravagant monument ever built for love, has become India’s de facto tourist emblem. It was constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan for his second wife Mumtaz Mahal, whose death in childbirth left the emperor so heartbroken his hair is said to have turned grey overnight.

Construction of the Taj began in 1651 and was not completed until 1653. The emperor’s hair may have given up but his eye for detail apparently remained acute – the near-perfection of the Taj’s architecture does not diminish upon closer inspection; it merely comes into sharper focus.

Semiprecious stones were laid into the marble in elaborate designs through a process called pietra dura. If you’re planning to check out this marvel, don’t forget that it’s closed on Friday to all non-Muslims.

The city’s other major attraction is the massive red sandstone Agra Fort, also on the bank of the Yamuna River. The auricular fort’s colossal double walls rise over 20m in height and measure 2.5km in circumference. They are encircled by a fetid moat and contain a maze of superb halls, mosques, chambers and gardens which form a small city within a city. Unfortunately not all buildings are open to visitors, including the white marble Pearl Mosque, regarded by some as the most beautiful mosque in India

Currency:
The Indian Rupee is the original official currency of India. The English translation of “Rupee” is “silver,” and the name exists because it was previously a silver coin. This very fact had severe consequences in the 19th century, when the strongest economies in the world were on the gold standard. The discovery of vast quantities of silver in the U.S. and various European colonies resulted in a decline in the relative value of silver to gold. Suddenly, the standard currency of India could not buy as much from the outside world. Such circumstances led to what is now referred to as “the fall of the Rupee.”

Changing Money:
Whenever changing money, check every note. Banks staple bills together into bricks, which puts a lot of wear on tear on the currency. Do not accept any filthy, ripped or disintegrating notes, as these may not be accepted as payment. If you get lumbered with such notes, change them to new bills at branches of the Reserve Bank of India in major cities.

Money tips:
Remember, you must present your passport whenever you change currency or travellers cheques. Commission for foreign exchange is becoming increasingly rare; if it is charged, the fee is nominal.

Getting There And Away
India’s major international airports are Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta) and Chennai (Madras); there are other international airports at Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore and Kochi, although these service far fewer international flights. Delhi is one of the cheapest places to buy air tickets in India, as are Kolkata and Mumbai. International flights to neighbouring countries can be good value, especially between Kolkata and Dhaka (Bangladesh), Delhi and Karachi (Pakistan) and Tiruchirappalli and Colombo (Sri Lanka). Departure tax is included in 99% of all tickets.

The most popular overland routes between India and Nepal are Birganj-Raxaul Bazaar, Sunauli-Bhairawa and Kakarbhitta-Siliguri. If you’re heading from Kathmandu or Pokhara to Delhi or elsewhere in northwestern India, then Sunauli is the most convenient entry point; to reach Kolkata or most of eastern India, Birganj is the best place to cross the border; and to get to Darjeeling, it’s easiest to go via Kakarbhitta. It’s fairly easy to travel between Kolkata and Dhaka overland. The only border crossing currently open between India and Pakistan is at Attari between Lahore and Amritsar. This and all other border crossings are by road only.